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moral certainty
Moral certainty is a concept of intuitive probability. It means a very high degree of probability, sufficient for action, but short of absolute or mathematical certainty.
==Origins==
The notion of different degrees of certainty can be traced back to a statement in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics that one must be content with the kind of certainty appropriate to different subject matters, so that in practical decisions one cannot expect the certainty of mathematics. 〔Aristotle, ''Ethics'' (1976) pp. 64–5〕
The Latin phrase ''moralis certitudo'' was first used by the French philosopher Jean Gerson about 1400,〔H. E. Braun/E. Vallance eds., ''The Renaissance Conscience'' (2011) p. 19〕 to provide a basis for moral action that could (if necessary) be ''less'' exact than Aristotelian practical knowledge, thus avoiding the dangers of philosophical scepticism and opening the way for a benevolent casuistry.〔Braun, p. 12 and p. 19〕
The Oxford English Dictionary mentions occurrences in English from 1637.
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